Make the solution right the first time.
Solution calculators that handle purity, hydrates and units, and a reference page for every chemical: structure, properties, hazards and safety data sheets.
Any PubChem compound by name, CAS number or CID.
Calculators
- MolarityGrams to weigh for a target concentration, corrected for purity and waters of crystallisation.0.5 M Tris, 250 mL → 15.14 g
- DilutionC₁V₁ = C₂V₂ solved for whichever value you are missing, with the diluent to add.1 M stock → 10 mM, 50 mL: take 500 µL
- Serial dilutionFold, 1-in-n, 1+n or target series laid out tube by tube, ready to paste into a notebook.10-fold × 6 from 1 mM, 1 mL per tube
- Percent solutionsw/v, v/v and w/w recipes, and conversions between %, mg/mL, ppm and molarity.0.9 % NaCl = 154 mM
- Buffer & pHHenderson–Hasselbalch amounts for Tris, HEPES, phosphate and more, pKa corrected for temperature.50 mM Tris pH 7.5 at 37 °C
- Acid & base stocksMolarity of concentrated reagents from their % assay and density, then the volume to dilute.37 % HCl = 11.97 M
Buffer recipes
- 1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.0Stock for TE
- 1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.5General protein and nucleic acid buffers
- 1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.4Physiological-pH buffers
- 1.5 M Tris-HCl pH 8.8Resolving gel buffer for SDS-PAGE (Laemmli)
- 1 M Tris-HCl pH 6.8Stacking gel and sample buffer for SDS-PAGE
- 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5Working buffer for enzyme assays and protein storage
- 1 M HEPES pH 7.4Cell culture medium supplement